(1) Journal Source
Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2026, Vol. 115, Article 101524).

(2) Title
Exposure for ocular diseases: From exposure evidence to causality and actionable prevention.

(3) Research Approach
This review proposes an anatomy-informed ocular exposome atlas along the visual axis and integrates clinical, mechanistic, and intervention evidence across ocular surface diseases, cataract, refractive errors, glaucoma, and retinal diseases. It further synthesizes shared pathways such as oxidative stress, cellular responses, inflammation, and immune reactions, and discusses causal inference and actionable prevention recommendations.

(4) Innovation
It systematically integrates fragmented exposure–eye disease evidence and organizes diseases within a visual-axis anatomical framework; highlights that the same exposure may have divergent effects across eye diseases; combines Bradford Hill criteria with causal-inference methods to discuss regional heterogeneity, mixed exposures, and reverse causation; and provides graded prevention and policy recommendations while identifying gaps in standardized imaging phenotypes, repeated measurements, and mixture analysis.

(5) Material Development

This is a review; no new material was developed or characterized. The exposures discussed include air pollution, climate and geography, light, ionizing radiation, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and micro/nanoplastics. Therefore, material synthesis, carrier construction, and material-performance evaluation are not applicable.

We provide full-process services for various material designs (including highly innovative scheme design, preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo validation (cell/animal experiments), etc.): a postdoctoral team (with multiple high-impact publications in Zone 1 journals) can meet all kinds of tricky and challenging requirements, including hydrogels / drug delivery / nanomaterials / polymers / liposomes / microneedle drug delivery, etc. We can assist with project design / NSFC grant applications / publication of high-impact Zone 1 and Zone 2 papers in journals such as AFM, SCI, AM, etc. Welcome to consult 👇️
17768014569 (Senior Engineer Gao)
17761925168 (Engineer Zhang)
18013729810 (Engineer Yang)

#Exposome #EyeDisease #EnvironmentalEpidemiology #CausalInference #Prevention #MaterialCustomization #Nanomaterials #Exposomics