Research Background The diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke face dual challenges of difficult early diagnosis and delayed intervention. Conventional approaches are limited in real-time lesion visualization and precise therapy. New strategies capable of synchronizing diagnosis and treatment are therefore highly demanded. Addressing this clinical need, this study targets key oxidative stress molecules involved in stroke pathology, aiming to construct an integrated system with highly sensitive imaging and potent therapeutic functions.

Research Strategy A peroxynitrite-activated small-molecule theranostic probe ESL is rationally designed. Specific chemical reactions are exploited to synchronously trigger fluorescence “turn-on” at lesion sites and drug release. This system features a dual-mode “scavenging–delivery” mechanism: it instantaneously neutralizes detrimental oxidative species and enables controlled release of the anti-inflammatory agent celastrol. As such, it achieves rapid diagnosis and precisely modulates neuroinflammatory pathways, fulfilling the dual objectives of therapeutic efficacy and toxicity attenuation.

Innovation Comment This study innovatively integrates diagnostic imaging and targeted therapy within a single small-molecule system, establishing a new paradigm for integrated theranostics of stroke. It offers a precision therapeutic strategy guided by real-time visualization and elaborates underlying mechanisms including the IL-17/NF-κB axis. This work not only provides a new tool for stroke treatment, but its design principle also constitutes a referable technical platform for broader research on central nervous system disorders.

Title Adaptive Peroxynitrite Scavenging–Driven Synergistic Drug Release for Targeted and Efficient Theranostics in Ischemic Stroke Journal Source: Advanced Functional Materials

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