The design and anti-tumor strategy of self-assembled peptide nanomedicine is a new strategy that uses peptide (peptides) as a component or carrier of drug to form a nanoscale drug structure through self-assembly, so as to realize the effective treatment of tumor. Peptides are biological macromolecules linked by amino acids that are highly biocompatible, tunable and functional and can be used to regulate cell signaling, induce apoptosis, enhance immunity, etc. Self-assembled peptide nanomedicines are nanomaterials with three-dimensional network structures that are highly stable, targeted, and responsive, and can be used in chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy. The design and anti-tumor strategy of self-assembled peptide nanomedicine can utilize the diversity and controllability of peptides to realize the adaptive regulation of the tumor microenvironment, so as to improve the targeting and bioavailability of drugs, reduce toxic and side effects, and enhance the therapeutic effect.