Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a type of non-receptor-dependent, non-classical endocytosis that directly enters the cell membrane and enters the cell. The length of the polypeptide sequence is generally no more than 30 aa and can replace basic amino acids. The amino acid sequence usually has a positive Impurities. Penetrating the cell membrane into the cell is a prerequisite for many biological macromolecules whose targets are in the cell to function, and the biological barrier function of the biofilm prevents many macromolecule substances from entering the cell, thereby greatly restricting these substances Therefore, how to guide these substances to penetrate the cell membrane is an urgent problem to be solved.
Principle of cell penetrating peptide
The specific mechanism of a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) depends on several parameters, such as molecular size (carrying substance), temperature, cell type, and stability inside and outside the cell. The specific mechanism of cell penetrating peptide (CPP) entering the cell is still unclear. Different cell penetrating peptides (CPP) have different transmembrane mechanisms. Popular speculations include the following: A: inverted micelle model ), CPPs enter the cytoplasm through the movement of phospholipid molecules on the cell membrane to form an inverted micelle structure.
B: Direct penetration, that is, the initial structure model (pore formation model). CPPs form a transmembrane precipitation structure on the cell membrane and enter the cytoplasm.
C: Endocytosis for cell absorption.
The common penetrating peptide type 1 human immunodeficiency virus transcription activator TAT (human immunodeficiency virus 1 transcription activator, HIV-1 TAT) is the first cell penetrating peptide to be discovered. It has a non-toxic and efficient way Into the cell.
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